Canine parvovirus, or parvo, is a highly contagious and potentially life-threatening disease that affects dogs of all ages, but it's most severe in puppies under six months old. The virus is spread through contact with an infected dog's feces, which can contaminate food and water bowls, toys, and even human hands.
The incubation period of canine parvovirus is typically between 3 to 7 days, but it can range from 1 to 14 days. During this time, the dog may appear healthy but is actually shedding the virus and can infect other dogs.
Preventing parvo requires a multi-faceted approach. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect your dog, and it's usually given in a series of shots starting at 6 to 8 weeks old.
Regular handwashing and disinfecting surfaces and objects can also help prevent the spread of parvo.
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Transmission
Parvovirus can infect unvaccinated dogs of any age, but commonly affects puppies between the age of 6 weeks to 6 months.
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The virus is shed in the feces of infected dogs up to two weeks before any symptoms develop, and two weeks after the signs resolve.
Dogs get exposed by ingesting the virus, which makes it easier to spread even without any known direct contact with another dog.
Parvovirus is hardy in the environment and resistant to many household disinfectants, making it able to survive in the right conditions for up to a year.
The virus attacks a few parts in the body, primarily the intestines, where it destroys the inside lining, leading to bacteria leaking out of the intestines and into the bloodstream.
This damage also weakens the immune system and lowers the dog's ability to fight infection, making it life-threatening if left untreated.
Puppies and adult dogs with parvo start shedding the virus within 4 to 5 days of exposure, which can happen before owners even realize their dog is sick.
The virus can survive indoors for at least one month, and outdoors it can survive for many months and even a year under the right conditions.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for a dog to show signs of parvo?
Dogs typically show signs of parvo 5-7 days after exposure, with symptoms including vomiting, lethargy, and bloody diarrhea. If you suspect your dog has parvo, it's essential to seek veterinary care immediately.
What is the timeline of parvo in dogs?
Dogs exposed to parvo typically show symptoms 3-7 days after exposure, with a hospitalization period of 5-7 days. The recovery time can be longer, requiring close monitoring and care.
How long to quarantine a dog exposed to parvo?
Quarantine a dog exposed to parvo for at least 2 weeks after recovery to prevent further contamination. Proper disinfection and isolation are crucial in preventing the spread of parvovirus
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual (merckvetmanual.com)
- What Dog Owners Should Know About Parvovirus (urgentvet.com)
- Parvovirus: Transmission to treatment (cornell.edu)
- Canine Parvovirus - Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine (tufts.edu)
- Canine Parvovirus (bergencountyveterinarycenter.com)
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