
The Native American Village Dog has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. It's believed to have originated from the dogs brought over by the first Polynesian settlers around 1000 AD.
These early dogs were likely brought over as companions and hunting partners. They were well-suited to the island environment and quickly adapted to the new landscape.
One of the earliest written records of dogs in the Pacific Islands comes from the Hawaiian Islands in the 18th century. The dogs were described as being small to medium in size with a short, smooth coat.
The Native American Village Dog is a testament to the resourcefulness and adaptability of the indigenous people of the Pacific Islands.
The Dogs
The dogs studied by the research team were likely village dogs used by native people to hunt birds and deer, and their scent-tracking skills were especially helpful.
They may have been gifts or traded between Native Virginians and the colonists, but researchers haven't determined which is more likely.
The team also found evidence that a white greyhound was given to Powhatan, the Chief of Native Virginians, by King James I.
Ancient Dogs
The dogs that lived in Jamestown were likely village dogs that native people used to hunt birds and deer. Their scent-tracking was especially helpful.
These dogs were highly valued for their skills, and researchers believe they may have even been gifted to colonists by Native Virginians. A white greyhound was given to Powhatan, the Chief of Native Virginians, as a gift from King James I.
The team is still unsure whether the Indigenous dogs at Jamestown were gifts or traded between Native Virginians and the colonists. Both scenarios are possible, and it's also possible that the dogs were simply present in the area without being considered pets.
The research is ongoing, but it's clear that ancient Indigenous dogs played a significant role in the country's early years.
Figure 1
The Dogs have a fascinating geographic distribution.
The study maps out the modern American dog samples, which are scattered across various countries.
A map, Figure 1, illustrates the geographic distribution of these samples, providing a visual representation of their spread.

The map shows a significant number of samples from the United States, with a notable presence in Mexico and Canada as well.
There's a substantial sample size in the United States, with a smaller but still notable presence in Mexico and Canada.
This distribution suggests that the dogs studied are not limited to a single region, but are instead found across a broader geographic area.
Additional reading: How Long Have Chihuahuas Been around
Research
Research has shown that Native American Village Dogs were often used for hunting and tracking, allowing them to develop strong instincts and skills in this area.
These dogs were highly adaptable, able to thrive in a variety of environments and living situations, from small villages to large hunting parties.
Their ability to navigate and hunt in different terrain and conditions was a valuable asset to their owners, who relied on them for food and survival.
Related reading: North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association
Breed Standards
The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes over 200 breeds of dogs, each with its own unique characteristics and breed standards.

Breed standards are the set of rules that define the ideal characteristics of a breed, including its size, coat, and temperament.
These standards help to ensure that dogs are bred to be healthy and well-suited to their original purpose.
The AKC breed standard for the German Shepherd breed, for example, specifies that the ideal height is between 24 and 26 inches.
In contrast, the AKC breed standard for the Chihuahua breed specifies that the ideal height is between 6 and 10 inches.
Breed standards can be influenced by factors such as geographical location and historical purpose.
The original purpose of the Greyhound breed was for hunting, which is reflected in its breed standard.
By understanding breed standards, you can better appreciate the unique characteristics of different breeds and make informed decisions when choosing a pet.
Worth a look: Akc Agility All-american Dog Breed
Results
We identified many previously undescribed mitochondrial control region sequences in 400 dogs from rural and isolated areas as well as street dogs from across the Americas.

The study found that these sequences were mostly from dogs that had been introduced from other parts of the world, rather than being native to the Americas.
Sequences of native American origin proved to be exceedingly rare, and we estimate that the native population contributed only a minor fraction of the gene pool that constitutes the modern population.
This suggests that the modern dog population in the Americas is largely made up of dogs that were introduced by humans, rather than being descended from native dogs.
Conclusions
Our research suggests that a lot of genetic variation in non-breed dogs remains unsampled. This is evident in the high number of previously unidentified haplotypes found in our sample.
The arrival of European colonists to the Americas may have led to a significant replacement of the native American dog population by the dogs of the invaders. This is a concerning thought, as it could have erased a unique genetic history of the region.
Dogs were widespread in the Americas by the time Europeans arrived in the 15th century. This is a remarkable feat, considering they were introduced by early human groups from Asia.
Genetic characterization of ancient American dogs revealed a unique set of mitochondrial DNA sequences that have not been observed in extant dogs. This is a fascinating discovery, highlighting the importance of studying genetic variation in non-breed dogs.
Most of the dogs around the world today have mitochondrial DNA control region sequences that form a well-defined phylogenetic clade. However, a subclade (Ia) has only been identified in ancient American dogs and had a frequency of 62% in ancient Latin American animals.
By analyzing the mtDNA control region in 400 village and non-breed dogs from Alaska to Patagonia, we were able to determine the contemporary distribution and frequency of native American dog lineages in the Americas. This novel data set allowed us to compare the genetic composition of past and present populations.
A unique perspective: American Bully Breed Information
Figure 4

The maximum genetic contribution of native American dogs under the isolation-admixture model is a crucial aspect of understanding their history. This model shows the 95 percent limit of genetic contribution under different assumptions about effective population size and generation time.
A two year generation time is shown with a solid curve, while a three year generation time is represented with a dashed curve. This visual representation helps us understand how the genetic contribution of native American dogs changes based on these factors.
The results of this model provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity of native American dogs. By analyzing the data, we can see how the genetic contribution of these dogs changes over time.
The genetic contribution of native American dogs is a complex issue, but by using this model, we can better understand their history and the factors that have influenced their genetic makeup.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does 100% village dog mean?
100% village dog refers to a dog that is a purebred descendant of the original, indigenous dogs in a specific geographic area, with no outside breed influence
Are village dogs rare?
Yes, Village Dogs are extremely rare, making up less than 1% of all breeds tested on Embark. Their uniqueness is part of what makes them such fascinating companions.
What is the difference between a village dog and a supermutt?
Village dogs are a distinct type of dog with ancestors that were also village dogs, whereas Supermutts have ancestors from modern breeds. This difference in ancestry makes village dogs unique and distinct from Supermutts.
Sources
- https://www.petpremium.com/breeds/dogs/native-american-village-dog/
- https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/01/04/jamestown-indigenous-dog-discovery/10982773002/
- http://www.cpryourdog.com/breed_standards.php
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076259/
- https://www.petguide.com/breeds/dog/native-american-indian-dog/
Featured Images: pexels.com