Pyometra in dogs can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. It occurs when a dog's uterus becomes infected and fills with pus.
A key sign of pyometra is a swollen, enlarged abdomen. This swelling can be so severe that it may be visible to the naked eye.
Dogs with pyometra often exhibit lethargy and loss of appetite. This is because the infection can cause severe pain and discomfort.
If left untreated, pyometra can lead to sepsis and organ failure. It's essential to seek veterinary care immediately if you suspect your dog has this condition.
What Causes Pyometra?
Pyometra in dogs is primarily caused by hormonal changes during each heat cycle. This hormonal shift thickens the uterus with tissues to support pregnancy, but these changes can be permanent.
The transformation of the uterus makes it more vulnerable to infection, especially from the E. coli bacterium. This bacterium is a common cause of pyometra, often occurring a few weeks after the female dog completes her heat period.
Progesterone-based drugs can also contribute to pyometra by altering the uterus. Dogs on hormone therapy for reproductive system conditions should be monitored for this condition.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis of pyometra in dogs typically involves a physical examination and an ultrasound scan of the womb.
Your vet may also carry out blood and/or urine tests to confirm the diagnosis.
A diagnosis of pyometra is usually based on a dog's symptoms, such as abdominal swelling or discharge from the vulva.
Your veterinarian may take a radiograph (X-ray) to help confirm the diagnosis.
Surgery is often the recommended treatment for pyometra, involving the removal of the uterus.
Surgery for removing a uterus with a pyometra is riskier than a spay procedure due to the fragile uterine wall.
The only sure way to prevent pyometra is to spay the dog, making it an important consideration for dog owners.
Surgical removal of the uterus is the most effective way to prevent the risk of a pyometra.
This emergency situation can be prevented by spaying the dog, making it a crucial decision for dog owners to consider.
Canine Uterus Anatomy
The canine uterus is a fascinating and complex structure. It's made up of three well-differentiated anatomic parts – the neck, body, and two horns.
The Y-shaped uterus is a characteristic feature of the female dog's reproductive system. The uterus ends with the cervix, which serves as a barrier between the uterus and the external environment.
The cervix plays a crucial role in this disease, as its status is of primary importance.
Pyometra in Dogs
Pyometra in dogs can be a sneaky condition to spot, with its onset happening gradually and often being misunderstood. The clinical signs can be subtle, making it hard to notice at first.
Visible discharge from the dog's vulva is a clear sign of pyometra, and it can be found on the skin or hair under the tail, as well as on the dog's bedding. This discharge can be a giveaway that something's amiss.
Affected dogs can be either febrile or hypothermic, with reduced or absent appetites, increased water intake, and increased urination frequency. These changes in behavior and physical condition are a sign that the dog needs veterinary attention.
Dogs with closed pyometra can become ill very rapidly due to the accumulation of bacterial toxins in the bloodstream. The systemic signs of the condition can be severe and life-threatening if left untreated.
For another approach, see: What to Do with Your Dog's Ashes?
Radiology and Ultrasound
Both x-ray and ultrasound can be used to diagnose closed pyometra in dogs.
These imaging procedures will show an enlarged uterus, often described as sausage-like.
The uterus can grow to an abnormal size, even larger than it does during a full litter of pups.
Both x-ray and ultrasound can be used to distinguish between pyometra and pregnancy.
Surgical Options
Pyometra in dogs is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment. Surgical options are often the most effective way to remove the infected uterus and prevent further complications.
A spay surgery, also known as an ovariohysterectomy, is a common surgical procedure used to treat pyometra in dogs. This procedure involves removing the infected uterus and ovaries to prevent future infections.
In some cases, a hysterectomy may be performed, which involves removing only the infected uterus. This is typically done in dogs that are not good candidates for a spay surgery.
Surgical options are usually chosen over medical management for dogs with pyometra, as they have a higher success rate in preventing future infections.
For more insights, see: Types of Dog Ear Infections with Pictures
Frequently Asked Questions
What color is pyometra in dogs?
Pyometra discharge in dogs is typically white or green in color, often accompanied by a foul odor.
Can pyometra cure without surgery?
Unfortunately, the chances of curing pyometra without surgery are extremely low. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications
What can mimic pyometra in dogs?
Bladder infections in unspayed dogs can mimic early pyometra symptoms, including frequent urination and accidents
What does pyometra discharge look like?
Pyometra discharge is typically white, yellowish, or green in color, often appearing as a vaginal discharge in affected dogs. If you notice any unusual discharge, it's essential to consult a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
How to check for pyometra in dogs at home?
Check for pyometra by looking for a strong, unpleasant odor and discharge on the dog's skin or bedding, and monitor for signs of illness such as fever and lethargy
Sources
- What Is Pyometra in Dogs? Causes, Symptoms, and More (webmd.com)
- Pyometras: Infection of Dog's Uterus - Veterinary Medicine at ... (illinois.edu)
- Pyometra (infected womb) in dogs (pdsa.org.uk)
- Pyometra in Dogs - Clinical Signs, Surgery & Success ... (perthvetcare.com.au)
- Canine pyometra: Early recognition and diagnosis (dvm360.com)
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