A seeing eye dog in training is a highly trained canine that assists individuals who are blind or have low vision. These dogs are trained to navigate obstacles, stop at curbs, and avoid hazards.
The training process starts with socialization, where the puppy is exposed to various environments, people, and situations to become confident and calm. This helps the puppy develop good manners and reduces anxiety.
Puppies are typically placed with a foster family between 8 and 10 weeks old, where they receive love, care, and socialization. This is a crucial period in their development, as it lays the foundation for their future training.
By the time they're 12 to 14 months old, these puppies have grown into confident and capable dogs, ready to begin their formal training as seeing eye dogs.
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Service Dog Training
Service dogs undergo rigorous training to help their handlers navigate the world. This training typically begins when the dog is very young, around 7 to 8 weeks old.
Puppy raisers, volunteers who foster the puppies, play a crucial role in socializing the dogs and teaching them basic commands. The puppy raisers are responsible for exposing the puppies to various environments, people, and animals, and teaching them to walk nicely on a leash.
The puppies start wearing official Seeing Eye bandannas at 7 to 8 weeks old, and later receive a vest at around 6 months old. This indicates they are in training and should be treated with respect.
Formal training, which can last 4 to 6 months, begins when the puppies return to The Seeing Eye. During this time, the dogs learn to navigate various environments, including city streets, and respond to directional commands.
Some key skills guide dogs are trained to perform include walking centrally along a pavement, stopping at curbs and crossings, and avoiding obstacles. They also learn to find doors and other familiar places, and to judge height and width.
Here are some essential skills guide dogs should possess:
- Walking centrally along a pavement
- Walking straight when crossing a road
- Obeying orders
- Not turning corners without a command
- Avoiding obstacles
- Stopping at kerbs and crossings
- Finding doors and other places the owner visits regularly
- Judging height and width
The most popular breeds used as guide dogs are German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labradors, as they possess the necessary intelligence, temperament, and health to excel in this role.
Service Dog Breeds
The Seeing Eye uses four primary breeds for training: German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador/Golden crosses.
These breeds are chosen for their high intelligence, which is essential for a successful guide dog.
Female dogs are retired at the age of four, while males are retired after eight to ten litters.
Poodles are also used on rare occasions for individuals with allergies, replacing the former use of Boxers.
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What Is a Dog?
A dog is a loyal and intelligent companion, but when it comes to service work, they're trained to be so much more. They're specifically trained to assist people with disabilities.
Guide dogs, like those trained to guide people with vision loss, are responsible for leading their handler around obstacles.
These dogs are usually used in place of a white cane, but handlers may still use the cane to gather tactile information.
A guide dog follows the commands of its handler, such as forward, halt, left, and right.
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Breeds
The breeds used for training service dogs are carefully selected for their intelligence, temperament, and health. German shepherds, Labrador retrievers, Golden retrievers, and Labrador/Golden crosses are the primary breeds used by The Seeing Eye.
These breeds are chosen for their high level of intelligence, which is essential for successful training. Approximately 500 puppies are born each year at The Seeing Eye's breeding station.
Female dogs are retired at the age of four and males after eight to ten litters. This allows them to be rehomed as pets or returned to their puppy raisers.
Poodles are also used as a breed option for individuals with allergies, replacing Boxers in some cases. This shows that The Seeing Eye adapts to meet the needs of its clients.
About 250 dogs reside at the Washington Valley Campus at any given time, with about 60 dogs at the Breeding Station in Chester.
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Meeting a Dog Team
If you encounter a guide dog team, remember that the dog is working and should not be distracted in any way. This is crucial for the dog's ability to guide safely.
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People often want to interact with guide dogs, but it's essential to respect the handler's boundaries. Never call out to a guide dog while it's working, as this can cause the dog to become distracted and lose concentration.
Some handlers may be open to you petting their guide dog, but only when it's not working. Always ask the handler first, and be prepared for them to ask the dog to sit before you do so.
It's also important to note that some handlers may not be open to petting their guide dog, and that's okay. You should respect their decision and not encourage the dog to become solicitous.
A guide dog's relieving schedule is also important, so never provide food or a treat to a guide dog. This can interfere with the dog's schedule and potentially cause digestive issues.
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Adoption and Retirement
A guide dog's working life rarely spans longer than eight years, after which they retire.
Their original trainers work closely with them, observing their condition and determining if it's time for them to retire.
Organizations will do what they can to help the dog stay with its owner once it's no longer able to work, but owners must meet specific welfare needs for the dog.
In some cases, owners may need to be matched with a new guide dog, which can make it difficult to care for their older, retired dog.
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Dog Adoption
If you're considering adopting a Seeing Eye dog, you'll be happy to know that these incredible animals can live for approximately seven to eight years, providing companionship and support to their owners during that time.
The Seeing Eye organization is the only guide dog school that gives full ownership rights to their graduates, which means that once you've completed the training program, you'll have full ownership of your dog.
Seeing Eye dogs are retired after about seven to eight years of service, and they can either be kept as pets or returned to The Seeing Eye.
The fee for adopting a Seeing Eye dog has remained unchanged since the early 1930s, with new students paying $150, returning students paying $50, and military veterans paying just $1.
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When Do Dogs Retire?
Guide dogs typically retire after eight years of service. This is a significant milestone in their lives, marking the end of their working career.
Their original trainers closely observe them during this time to determine if it's time for retirement. This careful consideration ensures that the dog is no longer able to work.
A guide dog's retirement often means they'll need to be matched with a new owner who can provide the necessary care. Unfortunately, this can be a challenge for owners who are used to having a working guide dog by their side.
Organizations that train and place guide dogs work hard to find new homes for retired dogs. They recognize the special bond between a guide dog and their owner and want to ensure the dog's welfare is protected.
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Getting a Service Dog
Getting a service dog through an organization like The Seeing Eye can be a life-changing experience. The process typically takes 60 to 90 days.
To qualify, you must be at least 16 years old and have a certain level of independence. You'll need to have physical mobility, sufficient hearing ability, and suitable living conditions. An appropriate plan for using the dog is also a must.
The fee for a Seeing Eye dog has remained the same since the 1930s: $150 for new students, $50 for returning students, and just $1 for military veterans. This fee includes transportation, room and board, equipment, training, and lifetime follow-up service.
The Seeing Eye is unique in giving full ownership rights to their graduates, which is a big advantage.
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Why Choose a Dog?
Traveling with a white cane or a guide dog is a personal choice, and both methods offer unique experiences. A guide dog will avoid obstacles and lead the handler from curb to curb.
Understanding traffic patterns, knowing where you are in your environment, and using other senses are crucial tools for a guide dog handler to effectively direct their dog. This requires good orientation and mobility skills.
A guide dog can be a great option for those who want to travel more independently, but it's essential to consider the costs of care, including food and vet bills. This is a significant responsibility that must be taken seriously.
To be a successful guide dog handler, one must be committed to taking full responsibility for the dog's well-being, physically and emotionally. This includes being prepared for the dog's needs, both in and out of public.
Getting a Dog
There are 12 guide dog schools in the United States that have been accredited by the International Guide Dog Federation.
Most of these schools cover the cost of the dog, class instruction, travel to and from the school, and room and board during training.
Class instruction at guide dog schools typically lasts between 14 to 28 days, depending on the school and whether the person is a new handler or returning for a successor dog.
A guide dog will accompany their handler into the airplane's passenger cabin and lay at the handler's feet during the flight.
Service Dog History and Myths
A person doesn't have to be totally blind to get a guide dog, but they may not be accepted if they have too much vision.
Guide dogs are trained to lead the blind, and their handlers wear them in harness only when they're working. At home, they're treated just like pet dogs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act doesn't require guide dogs to be certified, but some guide dog schools issue certificates or registrations for their clients.
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History
Service dogs have a long and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years.
The earliest recorded evidence of service dogs can be found in ancient Egypt around 2500 BCE, where they were used for tasks such as hunting and guarding.
The use of service dogs continued to evolve throughout history, with evidence of dogs being used for assistance in ancient Greece and Rome.
In the 19th century, service dogs began to be used in more specialized roles, such as guiding the blind and assisting people with disabilities.
The first service dog training program was established in 1929 in Germany, where dogs were trained to assist people with physical disabilities.
Myths About Dogs
You might think that guide dogs are only for people who are completely blind, but that's not true. A person can still have some vision and be accepted into a guide dog program.
Guide dogs are not in harness at home and are treated just like pet dogs, unless they're working.
The Americans with Disabilities Act doesn't require guide dogs to be certified, but some guide dog schools will issue a certificate or registration for their clients.
Some online websites are selling fake certifications for a fee, but they're not requiring any formal training, which is not necessary since the ADA doesn't require certification.
A "Seeing Eye Dog" specifically refers to a dog trained by the Seeing Eye, a guide dog school in Morristown, NJ, not all dogs that lead the blind.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can my dog be trained to be a seeing eye dog?
Unfortunately, The Seeing Eye only trains puppies to become guide dogs for people who are blind or visually impaired, not for other purposes. To learn more about training a guide dog, visit our website to discover how you can partner with a reputable organization.
What is the purpose of a seeing eye dog?
A Seeing Eye dog's primary purpose is to assist visually impaired individuals by navigating around obstacles. They help their handlers move safely and confidently through their surroundings.
What is the difference between a guide dog and a seeing eye dog?
Guide dogs and seeing eye dogs are terms used interchangeably to refer to assistance dogs trained to aid individuals with visual impairments
Are Seeing Eye dogs happy?
Yes, Seeing Eye dogs lead happy lives filled with attention and stimulation, as they only become guide dogs if they love the work. They often leap enthusiastically into their harness every morning, eager to assist their handlers.
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