Understanding Symptoms of Lymphoma in Dogs: Causes, Tests, and Safety

Lymphoma in dogs is a serious condition that requires prompt attention.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects a dog's immune system, specifically the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues.

Symptoms can vary depending on the location and type of lymphoma, but common signs include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, and lethargy.

As lymphoma progresses, dogs may experience more severe symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing.

Lymphoma in dogs is a complex and multifaceted disease, with over 30 different types identified.

The four most common types of lymphoma in dogs are multicentric lymphoma, alimentary lymphoma, mediastinal lymphoma, and extranodal lymphoma.

Multicentric lymphoma is the most common type, affecting up to 85% of cases, and typically starts in the lymph nodes.

Alimentary lymphoma, also known as gastrointestinal lymphoma, makes up less than 10% of cases and affects the digestive system.

Mediastinal lymphoma is a rare type that can cause breathing difficulties due to a lump or fluid buildup in the chest.

Extranodal lymphoma, which includes cutaneous lymphoma, affects specific organs or sets of organs, such as the skin, eyes, kidneys, lungs, or central nervous system.

Here's a brief summary of the four most common types of lymphoma in dogs:

Dogs with lymphoma may not show obvious signs of illness, but there are some common symptoms to look out for. Enlarged lymph nodes are a common sign, often feeling like hard, rubbery lumps under the skin.

Lymph nodes can appear in various places on your dog's body, such as under the neck or jaw, behind the knees, in front of the shoulders, or in the armpits. If you notice lumps like these on your dog, it's essential to ask your vet to check them, even if your pet seems fine otherwise.

Reduced appetite, feeling tired, weight loss, and swelling in the face or legs are also possible symptoms. Additionally, dogs with lymphoma may experience increased thirst, more frequent peeing, diarrhea, vomiting, and trouble breathing.

Some dogs may develop red, itchy, dry, and flaky patches of skin, which can become thick and moist with open sores. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other skin conditions, so a skin biopsy is often necessary to diagnose cutaneous lymphoma.

Here's a list of common symptoms associated with lymphoma in dogs:

Diagnosing lymphoma in dogs typically starts with a veterinarian observing an enlarged lymph node. A fine-needle aspiration is often used to extract a sample of the affected lymph node or organ.

This sample is then evaluated through a cytology exam or biopsy to determine the presence of cancer. A veterinarian may also recommend "staging tests" to determine how far the disease has progressed.

These tests may include blood tests, urinalysis, X-rays, abdominal sonograms, and bone marrow aspiration. The goal is to understand the dog's overall condition and the type of lymphoma they have.

There are five stages of lymphoma, which are determined by the sites affected and the degree of localization or spread throughout the body.

Here are the five stages of lymphoma:

A flow cytometry test may also be used to characterize the lymphoma cells and provide a more accurate prognosis. This test is especially useful in canine lymphoma diagnosis.

As you care for your dog during chemotherapy, it's essential to take precautions at home to ensure everyone's safety. Chemotherapy agents can be excreted in the urine and faeces, so be mindful of handling your dog's waste.

Pregnant women should avoid contact with your dog's waste following chemotherapy, as it's crucial to minimize any potential risks.

To maintain a safe environment, you'll be advised of specific precautions to take when handling your dog's waste, so be sure to follow these guidelines carefully.

As a dog owner, it's natural to worry about your furry friend's health. Often owners will notice enlarged lymph nodes in dogs with no apparent signs of illness.

Some dogs will show signs of illness, which will vary depending on the extent and location of the issue.

When handling your pet's waste after chemotherapy, you must take care to avoid contact with the urine and faeces, as chemotherapy agents can be excreted in these bodily fluids.

Pregnant women should avoid contact with their pet's waste following chemotherapy altogether.

You will be advised of appropriate precautions by your veterinarian, so be sure to follow their guidance carefully.

Chemotherapy agents can be present in your pet's waste for several days after treatment, so it's essential to exercise caution during this time.