Target training is a great way to improve your dog's obedience and behavior. It's a simple yet effective method that involves using a target stick to teach your dog to focus and respond to commands.
By using a target stick, you can teach your dog to follow a specific object, which helps to improve their focus and concentration. This can be especially helpful for dogs with attention issues or anxiety.
Using a target stick is also a great way to build trust with your dog, as it allows them to associate the stick with positive reinforcement. In fact, studies have shown that dogs that use a target stick for training are more likely to respond to commands and behave well in public.
One of the key benefits of target training is that it's a low-impact activity that can be done in a variety of settings, making it perfect for dogs of all ages and abilities.
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What Is It?
Target training is a fun and effective way to engage your dog's attention and teach them new behaviors. A target can be anything from your finger to a commercially available target stick.
A target is used to lure your dog into a specific position or to teach them to touch an object. You can start by using your fist as a target, placing a treat inside and encouraging your dog to investigate.
The goal of target training is to teach your dog to touch the target with part of their body, such as their nose or paw. This skill can be used in various situations, including guiding your dog through crowded areas or stressful situations.
Here are some examples of targets you can use:
- Finger
- Hand
- Yogurt lid
- Eraser side of a pencil
- Commercially available target stick
By using a target, you can teach your dog to refocus on you and away from reactivity triggers. This is especially helpful for reactive or anxious dogs.
Using a Clicker
You can use a clicker to train basic cues and complex behaviors in your dog.
Clickers are helpful for training behaviors that you want to capture, like having your dog hop up onto a stool. To do this, have the clicker handy and click and treat as soon as your dog performs the desired behavior.
You can also use a clicker to shape complex behaviors, like teaching your dog to do a high five. To begin, have treats and a clicker in hand and click and treat if any part of your dog's foot is lifted off the ground.
Gradually shape the behavior by clicking and treating only foot lifts that are one inch off the ground, then two inches, and so on.
Here's a step-by-step guide to shaping a behavior:
- Click and treat if any part of your dog's foot is lifted off the ground.
- Gradually shape the behavior by clicking and treating only foot lifts that are one inch off the ground, then two inches, etc.
- Once your dog displays a proper high five based on your original training goal, click and treat only the full behavior.
- You are now ready to name the behavior.
Remember to always consider your dog's physical abilities and keep your goals reasonable so your dog remains safe and comfortable.
Equipment and Tools
Remote operated treat dispensers are a great tool for target training dogs. They can be filled with dry food or treats that are released by pushing a button on the remote-control device.
These dispensers serve as targets and can be placed on or near specific locations such as crates or carriers. The machine delivers the reward for you, allowing you to train from a distance.
Using a remote operated system can be particularly useful when training pets to remain settled in a particular location, such as a bed, for extended periods.
Training Techniques
To get your dog started with target training, begin by leveraging their natural curiosity. Hold a treat in your palm and let them sniff or touch it, then click and reward for each touch. This helps build confidence in their ability to touch your hand.
Keep sessions short, around three minutes, and repeat them several times a day to keep your dog engaged. It's also essential to start in a distraction-free area, then gradually move to different locations.
To develop the exercise, start by presenting the target stick and rewarding your dog for touching it. Then, slowly move the stick away, rewarding them for reaching out and touching it.
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Fading
Fading is an essential part of training, especially when you want your dog to perform actions without relying on the target.
You can make the target less relevant by making it smaller, such as cutting down a margarine lid or shortening a target stick. This will help your dog focus on the action rather than the target itself.
As you progress in training, it's crucial to hold the target further away while still rewarding your dog for completing the desired action. This will help your dog understand that the target is not the primary focus.
Reward your dog more frequently when the target is less relevant, as this will help shift their attention from following the target to completing the action. This is especially important when teaching actions like a paw wave or head shake.
By fading the target, you'll be able to phase it out altogether, leaving your dog to perform the action on their own. With patience and consistency, your dog will learn to rely on you and their instincts rather than the target.
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Tips
Training your dog can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it's essential to keep sessions short and sweet. Three minutes is plenty, so don't try to cram too much into one session.
To build enthusiasm and get your dog excited about touching the target, use exciting treats and lavish praise. This will help them associate the behavior with a positive outcome.
Keep your initial training sessions in a quiet, distraction-free area where your dog can focus. Once they've got the hang of it, you can start to ask them to touch the target stick in different locations.
If your dog is struggling to place their nose directly on your hand, try rubbing your palm with a smelly treat to entice them to lean in. You can also shape the behavior by rewarding them for bringing their nose towards your hand or even looking in that direction.
Here are some top tips to keep in mind:
- Keep sessions short β three minutes is plenty, but repeat several times during the day.
- Teach your dog initially in a place where there are few distractions; once heβs got the hang of it, start to ask him to touch the target stick in different locations.
Remember to reward your dog for every touch, no matter how small. This will help them build confidence and associate the behavior with a positive outcome.
Teaching Specific Behaviors
Teaching specific behaviors with target training is a game-changer for dog owners. You can use a target stick to teach your dog to touch the end with their nose, which can be a great way to get them to follow it around.
To start, hold the target stick out so the end is about 1cm away and slightly to the side of your dog's nose. They may be curious and want to investigate it straight away by touching it with their nose. If they do, use a clicker or your usual verbal word to mark the action and reward with a treat.
The goal is to encourage your dog to nudge the stick, not for you to touch their nose with it. If they don't show much interest, try moving the target stick behind you for a few seconds, then re-presenting it. Alternatively, try adding a dab of peanut butter, cream cheese, or pate to the end of the target stick.
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You can use a target stick to teach a variety of behaviors, including nose targeting, front-paw targeting, and rear-foot targeting. For nose targeting, start by holding your flat hand, palm out, an inch or two away from your dog. When your dog sniffs your hand, click at the exact moment their nose makes contact, then praise and treat.
For front-paw targeting, put a training platform on the floor and lure your dog onto it with a treat. Once they're comfortable with the platform, you can start to introduce a verbal cue like "paws up."
For rear-foot targeting, use a wide platform to help your dog feel more secure. Take a treat and lure your dog onto the platform, then click and treat when their rear feet touch the platform.
Here are some key steps to keep in mind when teaching specific behaviors with target training:
- Start with short sessions and gradually increase the duration as your dog becomes more comfortable with the behavior.
- Use a consistent verbal cue and reward your dog with treats and praise.
- Be patient and don't push your dog too hard β they may need time to understand what you're asking them to do.
- Gradually phase out the physical cues and use only the verbal cue to reinforce the behavior.
Remember, every dog is different, so be sure to tailor your training approach to your dog's individual needs and personality. With patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement, you can teach your dog to perform a wide range of behaviors with target training.
Advanced Training
As you progress with target training, you can take it a step further by transferring the action to other items. You can start by showing your dog the object you want to use as a target, asking him to 'Touch', and rewarding him when he does.
Most dogs will learn to touch a variety of objects, such as a jar lid, a Post-It note, or a drinks coaster. You can also use your hand as a target, as long as it's been previously associated with the behavior.
To make the target stick more versatile, you can hold it in different positions relative to your dog and yourself. This will help your dog understand that the target is what's important, not the position you're in.
You can use the skill you've learned to teach your dog to do things like shutting doors or ringing a doggy doorbell. The possibilities are endless, and it's up to your imagination to come up with creative ways to use target training.
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Specific Tricks and Exercises
Target training can be used to teach a variety of tricks and exercises, including simple spins. You can start by moving your hand in a circle parallel to the ground while asking your dog to touch, and then gradually phase out the target.
A target stick can be used to teach your dog to follow it, starting by moving it a few centimeters away after they've touched it, and gradually increasing the distance over several sessions. This will help your dog learn to move towards the target stick for several steps.
With practice, your dog can learn to perform tricks like flipping a light switch or closing a door using a target object. They can even learn to spin in a circle by using the target stick to guide them.
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Spin
The spin trick is a fun one to teach your dog. Start by using the target stick to guide them in a circle, asking for just a few steps to begin with.
Begin with short sessions to keep your dog focused and engaged. Gradually build up to a whole circle by increasing the number of steps.
It's essential to be patient and consistent when teaching this trick, as it may take some time for your dog to master it.
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Trick
You can teach your dog to perform a spin by moving your hand in a circle parallel to the ground while asking them to touch.
The key to successful trick training is to start with a clear target object and gradually reduce its size until your dog no longer needs it. This will help them learn to perform the trick without relying on the target.
For example, you can teach your dog to flip a light switch or close a door using a target object. The idea is to make the target object smaller and smaller until your dog can perform the trick without it.
By using a target object, you can also train your dog for dog sports like agility and distance work. In agility, targeting can help train many skills, while in distance work, you can position your dog away from you by sending them to a target.
To develop the exercise of following a target stick, start by presenting the target stick and moving it a few centimeters away as your dog tries to nudge it. This will encourage them to reach out and touch the target.
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Sources
- Behavior Modification - Clicker and Target Training (vcahospitals.com)
- Target Training (wagntrain.com)
- spin (akc.tv)
- exercise or balance discs (amazon.com)
- How to teach your dog new skills with a target stick (yourdog.co.uk)
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