If your furry friend is experiencing tracheal collapse, you're likely feeling worried and unsure about what to do. Tracheal collapse in dogs is a serious condition that occurs when the trachea (windpipe) collapses, causing breathing difficulties.
The good news is that there are natural treatment options available. These can help alleviate symptoms and improve your dog's quality of life.
One of the most effective natural treatments is maintaining a healthy weight. Excess weight puts pressure on the trachea, so keeping your dog at a healthy weight can help prevent collapse.
What Is Tracheal Collapse?
Tracheal collapse is a condition where the trachea and bronchi become so weak that they collapse and close down when you breathe or cough. This can cause issues with breathing, wheezing, and coughing.
Tracheal collapse can be congenital or acquired, meaning some people are born with it, while others develop it over time. Healthcare providers have treatments to help manage symptoms, including surgery to support the trachea and bronchi.
Dogs, especially small breeds like Pomeranians and Chihuahuas, can also experience tracheal collapse. It's more common in middle-aged to old dogs, typically between 4-14 years old.
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What Is Tbm?
Tracheobronchomalacia, or TBM, is a condition where your trachea and bronchi are so weak that they collapse and close down when you take a breath or cough.
You may be born with TBM, which is called primary or congenital TBM, or you can develop it later in life, known as secondary or acquired TBM.
If you have TBM, you may experience issues breathing, wheezing, or coughing a lot.
What Is a Dog's Trachea?
A dog's trachea is the tube that carries air from the nose and mouth into the lungs. It's a pretty straightforward concept, but it's essential to understand its structure to grasp what happens in a tracheal collapse.
The trachea is lined with cartilage rings that help keep it open and rigid. These cartilage rings are what give the trachea its shape and allow it to expand and contract as a dog breathes.
Dogs have a unique trachea that's specifically designed for their anatomy. The trachea is a vital part of a dog's respiratory system, and any issues with it can cause significant problems.
Causes and Symptoms
A collapsing trachea in dogs is a serious condition that can be caused by a congenital weakness of the cartilage within the trachea. This weakness can be exacerbated by environmental factors and concurrent diseases.
Overweight or obese dogs are at a higher risk of developing a collapsing trachea, as excess fat can push against the trachea and cause it to collapse. Airway irritants, such as air fresheners or smoke, can also contribute to the condition.
Small dog breeds, such as Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, Shih Tzus, and Toy Poodles, are most at risk for developing a collapsing trachea. Tracheal collapse can occur in any breed or size of dog, but it's most frequently diagnosed in middle-aged or older dogs.
The symptoms of a collapsing trachea can be quite distinctive, including a chronic, intermittent cough that sounds like a goose honk. Other symptoms may include retching, rapid or difficult breathing, exercise intolerance, blue-tinged gums, and fainting.
Here are some common symptoms of a collapsing trachea:
- Retching
- Rapid or difficult breathing
- Exercise intolerance
- Blue-tinged gums
- Fainting
If your dog is experiencing any of these symptoms, it's essential to seek veterinary care immediately.
Dog Collapse Causes
Tracheal collapse in dogs is often caused by a congenital weakness of the cartilage within the trachea, which can be exacerbated by environmental factors and concurrent diseases.
Some risk factors that can bring out symptoms of tracheal collapse include overweight or obese dogs, airway irritants like air fresheners or smoke, and recent anesthesia.
Upper respiratory tract infections, such as kennel cough or bacterial infections, can also contribute to tracheal collapse.
Heart enlargement, which can be seen in dogs with heart murmurs or congestive heart failure, can press on the trachea and cause collapse.
Small dog breeds, such as Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, Shih Tzus, and Toy Poodles, are most at risk for developing a collapsing trachea.
Tracheal collapse can occur in any breed or size of dog, but it's most frequently diagnosed in middle-aged or older dogs.
The causes of tracheal collapse can be complex and multifaceted, but understanding these risk factors can help you take steps to prevent or manage the condition in your furry friend.
Here are some specific risk factors that can contribute to tracheal collapse:
- Overweight or obese dogs
- Airway irritants like air fresheners or smoke
- Recent anesthesia
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Heart enlargement
Signs and Symptoms in Dogs
A dog with a collapsing trachea will experience chronic, intermittent bouts of coughing that worsen with exercise, heat/humidity, excitement, stress, eating, drinking, or when pressure is applied to the trachea. The sound of the cough can be quite distinctive and is often described as a goose honk.
Retching, rapid or difficult breathing, exercise intolerance, blue-tinged gums, and fainting are other symptoms that can occur. If your dog has blue-tinged gums, trouble breathing, or has fainted, contact your veterinarian immediately.
The top sign of a collapsed trachea is a dry cough that sounds like a honking goose. Other symptoms include retching, rapid or difficult breathing, exercise intolerance, and blue-tinged gums.
A dry, harsh, and persistent cough is common in dogs with tracheal collapse. This cough is often referred to as a cough that sounds like a 'goose-honk.'
The first thing you’ll most likely notice is that goose-honking cough. It will be dry, sort of like they’re trying to cough up something in their throat. The cough will likely be more common when your pup’s respiratory rate increases, such as with exercise, stress, heat, or excitement, or when pressure is put on the throat from your hand or a collar.
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A collapsed trachea can cause a wheezing sound when a dog is inhaling, and in more serious cases, an affected dog could have difficulty breathing. As a result, their gums or tongue may turn blue, indicating a lack of oxygen, and they may collapse due to oxygen deprivation.
Here are the different grades of tracheal collapse, which may be used by veterinarians to determine treatment:
In severe cases, a dog with tracheal collapse may experience respiratory distress and significant trouble breathing. If your dog is having any trouble breathing, this is a medical emergency, and your pet should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.
Diagnosis and Prevalence
Tracheal collapse is a serious condition that requires a thorough diagnosis to determine the best course of treatment. Your veterinarian will start by taking a thorough history of your dog's coughing and risk factors, and may even ask you to capture a coughing episode on video at home.
A combination of breed, clinical signs, and physical examination may make your vet suspicious of collapsing trachea. The classic "goose honking" cough is a key indicator of the condition, and your vet may perform a chest and neck x-ray to screen for evidence of collapsing trachea.
According to one study, tracheobronchomalacia affects about 1 in 2,100 babies born with the condition. In people, the prevalence is estimated to be between 4% and 13% of those with airway problems.
A healthcare provider will do a physical examination and ask about symptoms, overall health, and any medical conditions that may be causing respiratory issues. They may also perform pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, or computed tomography (CT) scans to determine the extent of the condition.
X-rays are the most common diagnostic tool used to diagnose tracheal collapse, but fluoroscopy (dynamic, moving x-rays) or bronchoscopy may be required for a definitive diagnosis.
Treatment and Management
Managing tracheal collapse requires a multi-faceted approach, and weight loss is a crucial component. Losing excess weight can help alleviate symptoms by reducing the physical pressure on the trachea.
Carrying extra weight can make breathing harder, but with tracheal collapse, it can also physically push on the trachea, making the condition worse. So, it's essential to work with your veterinarian to develop a weight loss plan.
Airborne irritants like cigarette smoke and strong fragrances can trigger coughing in dogs with tracheal collapse. Keeping your dog's home free of these irritants is a simple but effective way to reduce symptoms.
Exercise can be beneficial for dogs with tracheal collapse, but it's not always a straightforward solution. Long, slow walks are usually a good idea, as they can help with weight management and keep your dog calm, but rapid breathing, overexcitement, or exposure to irritants can make matters worse.
Surgery
Surgery can be an option to consider if medical management can't adequately control a dog's symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no way to cure a dog's collapsing trachea, and the tracheal cartilage can continue to deteriorate despite intervention.
There are two types of surgical procedures available for collapsed trachea in dogs: insertion of plastic rings and insertion of a stent. The first procedure involves placing plastic rings outside the trachea to support the softening cartilage.
The success rate for this procedure is 75%, but it requires an incision, which can have complications. This procedure works best for trachea collapse in the neck area.
The second procedure is a minimally invasive procedure that places a stent within the trachea to prop it open. No incision is required, and the procedure works on dogs with collapsed trachea in the neck or chest.
After the procedure, about 90% of dogs show improvement, but symptoms don't go away completely. The stent itself can cause some degree of irritation within the trachea, so coughing may continue.
Following either procedure, most dogs remain on medication to manage the condition for the rest of their lives.
Disease Management
Effective disease management requires a comprehensive approach that involves both medical treatment and lifestyle changes. This can help slow disease progression and improve overall quality of life.
Medications can play a crucial role in managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. Regular medication adherence can help keep blood sugar and blood pressure under control.
Lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help manage chronic diseases. For example, a study found that a Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by 30%.
Monitoring and tracking symptoms can help identify potential complications early on. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help adjust treatment plans as needed.
Stress management techniques, such as meditation and deep breathing, can also be beneficial in managing chronic diseases. These techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety levels.
Care and Support
Caring for a dog with a collapsed trachea requires some adjustments to their lifestyle and potentially lifelong medication.
You'll need to work closely with your veterinarian to manage this issue, and it's essential to make some lifestyle changes, such as using a harness instead of a collar, to prevent further strain on the trachea.
A healthy weight is also crucial, so regular exercise and a balanced diet are a must.
You may also want to reduce exposure to respiratory irritants like smoke, and create a safe space for your dog to retreat to when they're feeling anxious or stressed.
Some medications your veterinarian may prescribe include cough medications, anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, anti-anxiety medications, bronchodilators, and sedatives.
Here are some common medications used to manage tracheal collapse:
- Cough medications
- Anti-inflammatories
- Corticosteroids
- Anti-anxiety medications
- Bronchodilators
- Sedatives
In some cases, surgery may be an option to place rigid implants in the trachea to keep it open, but even with surgery, some medical management is often still necessary.
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Sources
- https://www.petmd.com/dog/general-health/collapsing-trachea-dogs-everything-you-need-know
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22061-tracheobronchomalacia
- https://www.dogster.com/dog-health-care/tracheal-collapse-in-dogs
- https://www.preventivevet.com/dogs/collapsing-trachea
- https://www.dailypaws.com/dogs-puppies/health-care/dog-conditions/collapsed-trachea-in-dogs
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