Dogs can develop diabetes due to their diet, and it's essential to understand which foods contribute to this condition. A diet high in carbohydrates, such as grains and starches, can lead to insulin resistance in dogs.
Feeding your dog a diet rich in simple sugars, like those found in table scraps and sweet treats, can also increase their risk of developing diabetes. Obesity is a significant risk factor for diabetes in dogs, and it's often caused by overfeeding with high-calorie foods.
A diet lacking essential nutrients, such as fiber and protein, can also contribute to the development of diabetes in dogs. A study found that dogs fed a diet with low fiber content had a higher risk of developing insulin resistance.
Dogs fed a diet with high amounts of fat, particularly saturated fats, may also be at risk of developing diabetes.
Take a look at this: Homemade Dog Food for Dogs with Diabetes
Causes of Diabetes in Dogs
Diabetes in dogs is caused by a lack of insulin or an inadequate biological response to it. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can lead to adverse side effects.
A lack of insulin is a major cause of diabetes in dogs. If your dog can't produce enough insulin, the glucose in their food can't be used properly, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Some breeds are at higher risk of diabetes due to their genetic predisposition. Understanding your dog's breed history can help your veterinarian assess their risk of developing diabetes.
Here are some risk factors that increase the likelihood of diabetes in dogs:
These factors can contribute to the development of diabetes in dogs, and it's essential to be aware of them to take preventative measures.
Types of Dogs at Risk
Dogs with certain breeds are at higher risk of diabetes, so it's essential to understand your dog's breed history to better help your veterinarian assess their risk. This is especially true for breeds that have been identified as being more prone to the condition.
Some of the breeds that are at higher risk of diabetes include those that are prone to obesity, as excess weight can put a strain on the pancreas and increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Recommended read: Types of Diabetes in Dogs
A dog's age is also a significant risk factor, as the risk of developing diabetes increases with age. This is likely due to the natural decline in pancreatic function that occurs as dogs get older.
Genetics can also play a role in a dog's risk of developing diabetes, with some breeds being more prone to the condition due to their genetic makeup.
Hyperglycemia and Pancreatitis
Hyperglycemia is when blood glucose levels rise above the top end of the recommended normal level, which vets generally try to keep below 200 milligrams per deciliter.
Hyperglycemia can lead to ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires immediate veterinary attention.
Ketones in the urine are a sign of ketoacidosis, and you should report their presence to your veterinarian right away, even if your dog has no other symptoms.
Symptoms of hyperglycemia include drinking lots of water, urinating frequently or copiously, loss of appetite, weakness, vomiting, lethargy, and ketones in the urine.
Pancreatitis is a common cause of hyperglycemia and diabetes in dogs, as it destroys beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.
Dietary fat is the most common cause of pancreatitis in dogs, and controlling your dog's fat intake can help prevent both pancreatitis and diabetes.
A one-time occurrence of dietary fat, such as getting into the garbage, can cause pancreatitis, while chronic intake of a high fat diet can lead to chronic pancreatitis.
In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed and the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas get loose and start destroying the surrounding tissue.
Here are some risk factors for pancreatitis and diabetes in dogs:
- Dietary fat
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Autoimmunity
- Breed or genetics
- GMOs (genetically modified organisms)
- Inflammation
- Metabolic syndrome
- Obesity
- Pancreatitis
- Toxins
- Vaccination
- Diet
Diagnosis and Management
Diabetes in dogs can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right approach, you can help your furry friend live a happy and healthy life.
The first step in managing diabetes in dogs is to work with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan that takes into account the severity of your dog's condition and their individual needs.
Regular monitoring of your dog's blood sugar levels and insulin administration are crucial to maintaining a healthy balance.
Your veterinarian may recommend a high-fiber diet to help regulate your dog's blood sugar levels, as seen in the case of a dog that responded well to a diet rich in fiber and low in carbohydrates.
A consistent exercise routine can also help to manage your dog's blood sugar levels, as excessive weight can exacerbate the condition.
In some cases, medication may be necessary to help manage your dog's diabetes, such as the use of metformin in a dog that was resistant to insulin therapy.
A different take: Food Diet for Dogs
Veterinary Diagnostic Tests
A blood test that measures your dog's blood glucose level is the most common diagnostic tool for diabetes in dogs. This test is usually the first step in diagnosing diabetes.
Your vet may run additional tests to rule out other causes of high glucose levels, such as kidney or bladder stones, pancreatitis, thyroid testing, and Cushing's disease.
A "serial blood glucose-concentration curve" is a test where your vet measures your dog's glucose level repeatedly over many hours to help choose the right insulin, dose, and dosing schedule.
Your dog will need to be routinely tested after treatment starts to see how well the protocol is working. Most commonly, the vet will use either a fructosamine test or a glycated hemoglobin test.
Here are some common veterinary diagnostic tests used to diagnose diabetes in dogs:
- Radiography (x-rays) to look for kidney or bladder stones and pancreatitis
- Thyroid testing
- Testing for Cushing's disease
- Serial blood glucose-concentration curve
- Fructosamine test
- Glycated hemoglobin test
Side Effects of Treatment
Diabetes treatment in dogs can have potential side effects, but they're often preferable to the risks of leaving the condition untreated.
Insulin is a common treatment for diabetes in dogs, but it can cause low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia.
This can happen if the dog receives too much insulin or if they miss a meal.
Redness or itching at the injection site is another possible side effect of insulin treatment.
Some dogs may also experience an allergic reaction to the insulin.
Increased thirst and more frequent urination are common side effects of diabetes treatment in dogs.
These symptoms are usually a sign that the dog's body is trying to flush out excess glucose.
Hunger is another potential side effect of diabetes treatment in dogs.
This can be managed by adjusting the dog's meal schedule and portion sizes.
Here are some common side effects of insulin treatment for dogs:
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
- Redness or itching at the site of the injection
- Allergic reaction
- Increased thirst
- More frequent urination
- Hunger
Diet and Nutrition
Managing your dog's diet is crucial in preventing diabetes. Several factors raise a dog's risk of developing diabetes, such as age, gender, weight, and diet.
Certain breeds are at higher risk of diabetes, so it's essential to understand your dog's breed history to better help your veterinarian assess their risk of diabetes.
A well-balanced diet can help prevent diabetes in dogs. The key components of a dog's diet are proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Here are some essential nutrients to consider:
- Proteins: provide energy and help build muscles
- Fats: provide energy and help absorb vitamins
- Carbohydrates: provide energy and help regulate blood sugar levels
- Vitamins: help regulate various bodily functions
- Minerals: help regulate various bodily functions
- Water: essential for hydration and digestion
Proteins, fats, and carbs are all sources of energy (calories). A balanced diet should include a mix of these components to meet your dog's nutritional needs.
Specific foods can spike dogs' blood sugar levels, cause weight gain, and make diabetes more difficult to manage.
Sources
- Diabetes in Dogs - Causes and Symptoms (purina.co.nz)
- Diabetes in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, ... (wagwalking.com)
- Diabetes in Dogs: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention (thewildest.com)
- What Causes Diabetes In Dogs? Signs, Symptoms & What ... (dogsnaturallymagazine.com)
- hyperglycemia (petmd.com)
- veterinary nutritionist Dr. Deborah Linder (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
Featured Images: pexels.com